Olecranon Fossa

Shape Simulator
Metric Pattern Analysis 

                

              

              

                

                  
                  

                    
                    
                  

                

                

                

                
Use shape simulator to recreate the olecranon fossa of a humerus you are analysing. Change triangularity and concavity until they closely resemble your individual's shape as much as possible.
                     Below the LDA model gives you the probability of your individual being a male or a female based on the visual criteria you simulated.
              Here, the method works like a morphoscopic/visual scoring method, but in a continuous scale.

              

            

            

              

              

                Analysis Report
                

                Probabilistic Result
                

                

                Linear Discriminant 1
                

                

                

                Predicted Class
                

                

              

              

                

              

            

          

        

        

          

            

              

                

                  Shape Simulator
                  

                  

                    
                    

                      
                      
                    

                  

                  

                    
                    
                  

                  

                    
                    

                      
                      
                    

                  

                  

                    
                    
                  

                

              

              

                

              

            

            

              

                

                  
Best separation occurs with PC3 and PC5 for our sample, with the analyses performed, and we provide a model
                in the Shape Simulator tab to work with these sex-correlated variables.

                  
Here we allow you to interact with all the other PCs so you can better
                understand what kind of information a PCA actually extracts from shape data.
                As you will see, those are all very abstract shape transformations, that describe
                the variability on the dataset, but not necessarily what would better help you
                describe/analyse a particular problem.

                

              

              

                

              

            

          

        

        

          

            
Disclaimer

            

            
This decision support system is freely provided as an aid for profiling skeletal material.
            Osteomics has no responsibility for its ultimate use or misuse.
            While Osteomics tries to ensure the software is theoretically grounded and
            statically accurate, we provide no warranty and make no specific claims as to its
            performance or its appropriateness for use in any particular situation.
            If a paper is available for any of our tools, please read it before applying the method.
            Always keep in mind: you are the expert, these tools are just decision support systems.
            They do not have the final word.

            

            

            
Reference

            

            Outline Shape Analysis on the Trochlear Constriction and Olecranon Fossa of the Humerus: Insights for Sex Estimation and a New Computational Tool
            
Saskia Ammer, João d'Oliveira Coelho, Eugénia M. Cunha

            

              Available at
              DOI:10.1111/1556-4029.14096
            

            

            Abstract
            

            
Sex estimation through visual analysis of the distal humerus can 
            contribute to establishing the biological profile of an unidentified 
            skeletal individual. Using statistical shape modeling, the trochlear 
            constriction open curves and olecranon fossa closed outlines of 151 
            humeri were digitized and analyzed. The shape configurations exhibited 
            strikingly different degrees of sexual dimorphism when evaluated using 
            linear discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation. The 
            trochlear constriction performed poorly, correctly classifying 63.6% 
            of the individuals. However, the olecranon fossa showed high sexual 
            dimorphism, presenting a 94.0% accuracy. A simpler model using only 
            two principal components was also generated. While the accuracy is 
            slightly inferior (88.1%), it has the advantage of being constrained 
            to bidimensional components that were translated into morphoscopic 
            variables within a simulator interface. This allowed us to implement 
            the method through a web-application that does not require users to 
            be trained in landmark digitization or have knowledge of geometric morphometrics.

            

            Dataset details
            

            

              Model developed from a subsample of an osteological collection of a 
            portuguese population,
              for more info click here
            

            
 - 80 female and 71 male distal humeri

            

            Keywords
            

            
Forensic science, forensic anthropology, outline shape analysis, 
            web application, sex estimation, distal humerus